The basis of economic growth of economies that are world economic leaders was formed through a high level of human capital. The effects of the increase in the aggregate stock of human capital in the developed and developing economies of the world are increasingly reflected through the divergence of the economic development and competitiveness of these countries in relation to countries that strive to catch up. Knowledge plays a special role in shaping human capital, which is primarily achieved through education but also experience. The subject of this paper’s research is to observe the importance of primary, secondary and tertiary education through their participation in the total population on the economic growth of European countries. Our research covered 34 European countries in the period from 2013 to 2020. By applying the dynamic panel model, we came to the results according to which the participation of the population with tertiary education plays a significant role in economic growth, with statistical significance of the obtained results. Also, the results indicate that the increase in the population with primary and secondary education at the expense of the decrease in the participation of the population with tertiary education does not contribute to economic growth. In addition to these results, the paper also confirmed the positive impact that adult education has on GDP.